Young-type interference in (e, 2e) ionization of H(2)

We have investigated the electron impact single ionization of the hydrogen molecule, with fully determined kinematics. The experimental and theoretical results are compared with He ionization under the same conditions. The results indicate that the ejected electron angular distribution for H(2) is modified due to Young-type interference between ionization amplitudes for scattering from the two centers in the hydrogen molecule. The observable result is a suppression of the backward scattering (recoil) peak compared with the binary peak.     

Forecasting the underlying potential governing the time series of a dynamical system

We introduce a technique of time series analysis, potential forecasting, which is based on dynamical propagation of the probability density of time series. We employ polynomial coefficients of the orthogonal approximation of the empirical probability distribution and extrapolate them in order to forecast the future probability distribution of data. The method is tested on artificial data, used for hindcasting observed climate data, and then applied to forecast Arctic sea-ice time series. The proposed methodology completes a framework for ‘potential analysis’ of tipping points which altogether serves anticipating, detecting and forecasting nonlinear changes including bifurcations using several independent techniques of time series analysis. Although being applied to climatological series in the present paper, the method is very general and can be used to forecast dynamics in time series of any origin.     

Spatiotemporal dynamics and feedforward control of an infinite-dimensional,time-variant,thermal-coating process

In this contribution, a model for the spatiotemporal dynamics of a thermal-coating process is derived from first principles (the conservation of energy). The model is a dynamical system consisting of a system of hyperbolic, partial differential equations (PDEs), describing the evolution of the temperature distribution of the substrate. By studying the C ₀- semigroup generated by the system operator we find that in discrete time the infinite-dimensional plant may conveniently be represented by finite-dimensional operators defined on appropriately chosen Euclidean spaces. This representation provides the basis for numerical efficient solution of several optimal feedforward control problems associated with set point changes and launching of the process. Numerical and experimental studies highlight the value of this approach.     

A Coumarin Triflate Reagent Enables One-Step Synthesis of Photo-Caged Lipid Metabolites for Studying Cell Signaling

Photorelease of caged compounds is among the most powerful experimental approaches for studying cellular functions on fast timescales. However, its full potential has yet to be exploited, as the number of caged small molecules available for cell biological studies has been limited by synthetic challenges. Addressing this problem, a straightforward, one-step procedure for efficiently synthesizing caged compounds was developed. An in situ generated benzylic coumarin triflate reagent was used to specifically functionalize carboxylate and phosphate moieties in the presence of free hydroxy groups, generating various caged lipid metabolites, including a number of GPCR ligands. By combining the photo-caged ligands with the respective receptors, an easily implementable experimental platform for the optical control and analysis of GPCR-mediated signal transduction in living cells was developed. Ultimately, the described synthetic strategy allows rapid generation of photo-caged small molecules and thus greatly facilitates the analysis of their biological roles in live cell microscopy assays.     

Optoelectronic implementation of the triple correlation

The auto triple correlation has several fundamental advantages over the ordinary autocorrelation of second order. We present an optoelectronic processor for the computation of the auto triple correlation.     

Use of an electrochemically synthesised metabolite of a selective androgen receptor modulator for mass spectrometry-based sports drug testing

The elucidation of the metabolism of new therapeutics is a major task for pharmaceutical companies and of great interest for drug testing laboratories. The latter in particular need to determine the presence or absence of drugs or their metabolic products in urine to test for a misuse of these compounds. Commonly, in vitro or animal models are used to mimic the human metabolism and produce potential targets in amounts allowing for method development. An alternative route based on electrochemical reactions of drugs was reported to allow for the generation of selected metabolites. The utility of this approach for doping control purposes was demonstrated with a novel class of anabolic agents termed selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). An arylpropionamide- derived drug candidate was subjected to electrochemical "metabolism" and a major phase-I- metabolite, resulting from the elimination of a substituted phenol residue as identified in in vitro experiments, was generated and characterised using liquid chromatography/nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry. The metabolite was included in routine doping control procedures based on liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and has served as a reference compound for 5000 doping control specimens.     

Hydrogels based on carboxymethyl cassava starch cross-linked with di- or polyfunctional carboxylic acids: Synthesis, water absorbent behavior and rheological characterizations

Carboxymethyl cassava starch (CMS) was synthesized and its hydrogels were prepared by cross-linking it with di- or polyfunctional carboxylic acids using glutaric (CASXGLU), suberic (CASXSUB), pimelic (CASXPIM) and butanetetracarboxylic acids (CASBTC) as the cross-linkers. The characterization of the CMS showed that its degree of substitution was 0.86, average molar mass (M_w) was 5.6 × 10⁶ g mol⁻¹ and the ¹³C NMR showed strong peak at δ = 180.42 ppm which was assigned to the CO carbon in the carboxymethyl group. The absorption under load (AUL) and free swelling capacity (FSC) studies showed that the hydrogels have fast swelling properties and that they reached equilibrium after 1 h. Furthermore, all the hydrogels were sensitive to the increasing salt concentrations and pH of the medium. Both AUL and FSC reduced in saline solution while their values increased in alkaline buffer solutions. The result indicate that the difunctional carboxylic acids produced hydrogels with stronger material functions compared with the polyfunctional carboxylic acid and the order of increases in both AUL and FSC was CASXBTC, CASXPIM, CASXSUB and CASXGLU.